Analyzing GC spikes and frequent Full GCs in production.

Detection and Analysis:

1. GC Logs: Use -Xlog:gc (Java 9+) or -XX:+PrintGCDetails. Check frequency and duration.
2. JFR (Java Flight Recorder): Analyze "GC Events" to see which generation is filling up.
3. Heap Dump: Use jmap or jcmd to trigger a dump. Analyze with Eclipse MAT to find memory leaks.

Common Causes:

• Memory Leak: Objects not being released (check static collections).
• Undersized Heap: Heap is too small for the load.
• Large Object Allocation: Humongous objects bypass young gen and go to old gen.

Resolution:

• Tune -Xmx and -Xms.
• Change GC strategy (e.g., switch to G1GC or ZGC).
• Optimize code to reduce object churn.