Thread-specific runtime data areas in JVM and their roles?

Thread-Specific Areas:

1. PC (Program Counter) Register: Maintains the address of the current JVM instruction being executed. Each thread has its own PC register.
2. JVM Stack: Stores "Stack Frames". A new frame is created for every method call. Contains local variables, operand stack, and frame data.
3. Native Method Stack: Used for native methods (written in C/C++).

Impact of Thread Creation:

• Creating a thread allocates memory for these three areas.
• Memory Overhead: Excessive thread creation can lead to OutOfMemoryError (unable to create new native thread) or StackOverflowError if thread stacks are too deep.
• Tuning: -Xss sets the stack size per thread.