FetchType.LAZY vs FetchType.EAGER.

EAGER:

• The related entity is loaded at the same time as the parent entity.
• Default for @ManyToOne and @OneToOne.
• Risk: Can lead to performance issues if many unnecessary relationships are loaded.

LAZY:

• The related entity is loaded only when it is accessed for the first time.
• Default for @OneToMany and @ManyToMany.
• Requirement: Must be accessed within an active transaction, otherwise LazyInitializationException occurs.