String s = 'abc' vs String s = new String('abc').

Scenario A: String s1 = "abc";

• JVM checks the String Constant Pool.
• If "abc" exists, it returns the reference. If not, it creates it in the pool and returns the reference.
• Result: 1 object (in the pool) if new literal; 0 if it already exists.

Scenario B: String s2 = new String("abc");

• JVM creates a new String object in the Heap Area (standard heap, not pool).
• It also ensures "abc" is in the String Pool.
• Result: 1 or 2 objects (1 in pool if not there, 1 in heap).

Use Case:

Always use literals unless you specifically need a new instance in memory to avoid reference equality checks.