LeetCode 1116: Print Zero Even Odd Solution

Master LeetCode problem 1116 (Print Zero Even Odd), a medium challenge, with our optimized solutions in Java, C++, and Python. Explore detailed explanations, test your code in our interactive editor, and prepare for coding interviews.

1116. Print Zero Even Odd

Medium

Concurrency

Problem Explanation

Explanation:

To achieve the desired output of alternating zeros, even numbers, and odd numbers in a synchronized manner, we can utilize three semaphores to control the flow of execution between the three threads. We will use the following approach:

Initialize three semaphores: zeroSemaphore, evenSemaphore, and oddSemaphore to control the flow of zero, even, and odd threads respectively.
Each semaphore starts at 0 and will be incremented by 1 when its corresponding method is called.
The ZeroEvenOdd class will have three methods: zero, even, and odd, which will print the required numbers based on the current state.
Threads A, B, and C will be responsible for calling zero(), even(), and odd() methods respectively in a synchronized manner.
Use a mutex lock to ensure only one thread is executing at a time.

Solution Code

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

class ZeroEvenOdd {
    private int n;
    private Semaphore zeroSemaphore, evenSemaphore, oddSemaphore;
    
    public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) {
        this.n = n;
        zeroSemaphore = new Semaphore(1);
        evenSemaphore = new Semaphore(0);
        oddSemaphore = new Semaphore(0);
    }

    public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            zeroSemaphore.acquire();
            printNumber.accept(0);
            if (i % 2 == 0) {
                evenSemaphore.release();
            } else {
                oddSemaphore.release();
            }
        }
    }

    public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i += 2) {
            evenSemaphore.acquire();
            printNumber.accept(i);
            zeroSemaphore.release();
        }
    }

    public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i += 2) {
            oddSemaphore.acquire();
            printNumber.accept(i);
            zeroSemaphore.release();
        }
    }
}

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